lexical-decision-task-for-studying-written-word-recognition-adults

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Older adults are slower at recognizing visual objects than younger adults. The same is true for recognizing that a letter string is a real word. People ...

To investigate whether idiom production was vulnerable to age-related difficulties, we asked 40 younger (ages 18-30) and 40 older healthy adults (ages 60-85) to produce idiomatic expressions in a story-completion task. Younger adults produced significantly more correct idiom responses (73%) than did older adults (60%). When older adults generated partially correct responses, they were less likely than younger participants to eventually produce the complete target idiom (old: 32%; young: 70%); first-word cues after initial failure to retrieve an idiom resulted in more correct idioms for older (24%) than younger (15%) participants. Correlations between age and idiom correctness were positive for the young group and negative for the older group, suggesting mastery of familiar idioms continues into adulthood. Within each group, scores on the Boston Naming Test correlated with performance on the idiom task. Findings for retrieving idiomatic expressions are thus similar to those for retrieving lexical items.

Age-related differences in idiom production in adulthood.

Um zu untersuchen, ob Ausdrucksweise Produktion anf&auml;llig f&uuml;r altersbedingte Schwierigkeiten war, baten wir 40 j&uuml;ngere (Alter 18-30) und 40 &auml;ltere gesunde Erwachsene (Alter 60-85), idiomatische Ausdr&uuml;cke in einer Geschichte-Abschluss-Aufgabe zu produzieren. J&uuml;ngere Erwachsene produziert deutlich mehr richtige Ausdrucksweise Antworten (73 %) als &auml;ltere Erwachsene (60 %) hat. Wenn &auml;ltere Erwachsene teilweise richtige Antworten generiert, sie waren weniger wahrscheinlich als j&uuml;ngere Teilnehmer, schlie&szlig;lich die vollst&auml;ndige deiner Ausdrucksweise zu produzieren (alt: 32 %; jung: 70 %); erste Wort Hinweise nach anf&auml;nglichen Fehler abrufen ein Idiom korrektere Idiome f&uuml;r &auml;ltere (24 %) als die j&uuml;ngeren (15 %) Teilnehmer gef&uuml;hrt. Korrelationen zwischen Alter und Idiom Richtigkeit f&uuml;r die junge Gruppe positiv und negativ f&uuml;r die &auml;ltere Gruppe waren, setzt bis ins Erwachsenenalter Beherrschung der vertraute Redewendungen vorschlagen. Innerhalb jeder Gruppe korreliert Tor nach der Boston-Naming-Test mit Leistung auf die Ausdrucksweise-Aufgabe. Feststellungen zum Abrufen von idiomatische Ausdr&uuml;cke sind so &auml;hnlich wie zum Abrufen von lexikalischen Elemente.

Altersbedingte Unterschiede in der Ausdrucksweise Produktion im Erwachsenenalter.

This study examined the effects of executive control and working memory on older adults' sentence-final word recognition. The question we addressed was the importance of executive functions to this process and how it is modulated by the predictability of the speech material. To this end, we tested 173 neurologically intact adult native English speakers aged 55-84 years. Participants were given a sentence-final word recognition test in which sentential context was manipulated and sentences were presented in different levels of babble, and multiple tests of executive functioning assessing inhibition, shifting, and efficient access to long-term memory, as well as working memory. Using a generalized linear mixed model, we found that better inhibition was associated with higher accuracy in word recognition, while increased age and greater hearing loss were associated with poorer performance. Findings are discussed in the framework of semantic control and are interpreted as supporting a theoretical view of executive control which emphasizes functional diversity among executive components.

How older adults use cognition in sentence-final word recognition.

Reading a word activates morphologically related words in the mental lexicon. People with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) often have difficulty retrieving words, though the source of this problem is not well understood. To better understand the word recognition process in aging and in neurodegenerative disorders such as MCI and AD, we investigated the nature of the activation of morphologically related family members in 22 Finnish speakers with AD, 24 with MCI, and 17 cognitively healthy elderly. We presented Finnish monomorphemic (base form) nouns in a single-word lexical decision experiment to measure the speed of word recognition and its relation to morphological and lexical variables. Morphological variables included morphological family size (separate for compounds and derived words) and pseudo-morphological family size (including the set of words that have a partially overlapping form but that do not share an actual morpheme, e.g., pet and carpet, or corn and corner). Pseudo-morphological family size was included to examine the influence of words with orthographic (or phonological) overlap that are not semantically related to the target words. Our analyses revealed that younger and elderly controls and individuals with MCI or AD were influenced by true morphological overlap (overlapping forms that also share meaning), as well as by the word's pseudo-morphological family. However, elderly controls and individuals with MCI or AD seemed to rely more on form overlap than young adults. This demonstrates that an increased reliance on form-based aspects of language processing in Alzheimer's disease is not necessarily due to a partial loss of access to semantics, but might be explained in part by a common age-related change of processes in written word recognition.

Article	Year
Age-related differences in idiom production in adulthood. Clinical linguistics & phonetics\| PubMed ID: 21728830	2011
How older adults use cognition in sentence-final word recognition. Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition\| PubMed ID: 26569553	2016
Effects of morphological family on word recognition in normal aging, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease. Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior\| PubMed ID: 30612700	2019

JungMoon Hyun

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