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Cell Biology

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Cells, Genomes, and Evolution

How DNA Structure Was Discovered

Description

DNA is the genetic material that passes traits from one generation to the next in organisms and most viruses. It is made of two strands of nucleotides that twist into a spring-like double helix. The shape is not perfectly even. It also has repeating grooves called the major groove and the minor groove.

Transcript

脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)由两条多核苷酸链组成。

每条链均由四种核苷酸亚基组成。

每个核苷酸由一个磷酸基团和一个含氮碱基——腺嘌呤(A)、胞嘧啶(C)、鸟嘌呤(G)或胸腺嘧啶(T)——连接到脱氧核糖糖分子上组成。

这种排列形成了 DNA 结构的糖-磷酸骨架。

在每条链的骨架上,磷酸二酯键通过共价键将一个糖分子的第三个碳原子与下一个糖分子的第五个碳原子相连。

在反向平行的两条链中,每个碱基都具有独特的配对方式,即C与G配对,A与T配对,这是由于它们之间形成的氢键数目不同所致。

这种化学极性确保了高效的紧密排列,使两条链相互缠绕形成三维双螺旋结构,每整圈包含十个碱基对。

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