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Mechanical Engineering

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Force Vectors

Force, Motion, and Mechanical Effects

Description

Force changes the motion, shape, or orientation of an object. A flowing stream of water can push on a turbine vane and make it move in the direction of the flow. In mechanics, force is treated as a vector quantity, which means it has both magnitude and direction. It is measured in newtons, or N, in the SI unit system.

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Transcript

当一个人拉动或推动一个箱子时,箱子会沿水平方向移动。施加在箱子上并使其产生运动的拉力或推力称为力。力是一个矢量,单位为牛顿。

作用在物体上的力可以分为外力和内力。当施加在物体外部的力产生某种效应时,该力称为外力;而物体内部存在的反作用力则称为内力。

可传性原理指出,如果作用在物体上的力的作用点发生改变,但仍保持在同一条作用线上,则该物体所受的合力不会发生变化。

考虑作用在刚体上的两个力。根据可传性原理,如果作用在物体上的力位于同一条作用线上,即使作用点不同,该刚体的效应也保持不变。

由于这些力大小相等、方向相反,它们的合力为零,因此物体所受的合外力保持不变。