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Chemical Applications of Statistical Analyses
Using the Q Test to Flag Outlier Data
Description
The Q test helps identify outlier data points that sit far from the rest of a data set. In high school lab work, this can help students decide whether an unusual value should stay in the data or be removed. Outliers often come from gross errors, or human mistakes, and may not reflect the real result being measured.
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Transcript
离群值是指与数据集中其余数据点显著不同的数据点。
Dixon 的 Q 检验 是一种显著性检验,有助于判断在数据集中是否应保留或舍弃这些不一致的数据点。
从数学上讲,Q检验 统计量是离群值与其最近邻数据点之间绝对差值与总体数据范围的比值。
然后将Q检验统计量或拒绝商与特定显著性水平和自由度下的查表临界Q值进行比较。
当拒绝商等于或大于查表值时,拒绝零假设,可疑的离群值可以被剔除。
相反,当实验值小于查表得到的Q值时,接受零假设。此时,可疑的离群值需保留在数据集中。
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