Limit of Detection and Quantification

The limit of detection, or LOD, is the smallest amount of analyte that can be distinguished from background noise. In measurement science, background noise is the natural signal in a sample that can interfere with the analyte signal. The LOD helps show whether a substance is present, but it does not usually give a reliable a...

背景噪声是任何测量中固有的、会干扰分析物信号检测的因素。为了分析所测得的信号是来自分析物还是仅为噪声，需要计算检测限。

检测限是指能够被检测到的最低分析物含量，其信号与背景噪声有明显区别。LOD 是根据空白信号的标准偏差和校准曲线的斜率计算得出的。 

该值对应于分析物信号为零样本信号标准偏差三倍时的浓度。低于该值时，分析物信号无法与背景噪声区分开来。

同样，定量限值对应于分析物信号为空白信号标准偏差十倍时的浓度。

定量限（LOQ）是指仪器能够以合理的准确度和精密度定量测定的最低分析物含量。