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Mechanical Engineering

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Stress and Strain - Axial Loading

Tensile Test Data and Material Behavior

Description

A stress-strain diagram shows how a material responds during a tensile test. It records the mechanical behavior of a cylindrical specimen as it is pulled by an increasing centric load. The specimen is carefully prepared before testing.

Two gauge marks are inscribed on the central part of the spec...

Transcript

考虑将一个圆柱形试样放置在系统中以测量其抗拉强度。

在试样中部刻有两个标距标记,标记之间的长度称为标距长度。

然后,在试样两端施加拉伸载荷。

随着载荷增加,标距长度随之增加,同时记录下每个载荷值对应的伸长量。

试样直径的变化也同时被记录下来。

应力通过将载荷除以试样的原始横截面积来计算。应变通过将伸长量除以原始标距长度来计算。

然后通过将应变作为横坐标、应力作为纵坐标绘制曲线,得到应力-应变图。

可以观察到,在初始加载阶段,应力随应变呈线性变化。然而,随着载荷的增加,对于大多数材料而言,应力的微小变化会导致应变值发生显著变化。

根据温度和加载速度的不同,某些材料的实验结果会有...

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