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HIGH SCHOOL

Engineering

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Mechanical Engineering

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Stress and Strain - Axial Loading

Volume Change Under Hydrostatic Pressure

Description

Bulk modulus describes how much a material resists a uniform squeeze. It links a change in pressure to the relative change in volume. For high school students, it is easiest to think of it as a measure of how hard it is to compress a material evenly from all sides.

The idea becomes clearer when a...

Transcript

体积模量用于衡量材料抵抗均匀压缩的能力。它被定义为压力变化与相应体积相对变化之间的比例常数。

考虑一个单位体积的各向同性立方体。当受到正应力作用时,它会变形为一个具有新体积的长方体平行六面体。

这种新体积与原始体积之间的差值称为材料的体应变。体应变可表示为三个方向上应变的总和。

对于承受均匀静水压力的物体,其应力的每个分量均等于静水压力的负值。

将这些值代入膨胀方程,可得到一个表达式,该表达式引入了一个称为体积模量的常数,其单位与弹性模量相同。

在静水压力下稳定的材料体积会减小,导致体应变呈负值,体模量为正值。

具有零泊松比的理想材料在拉伸时不会发生横向收缩。相反,泊松比为0.5则表示完全不可压缩。