go to jove.com

HIGH SCHOOL

Engineering

Concept Videos

Civil Engineering

This is a free preview. For full access

Fluid Properties

How Temperature Changes Fluid Viscosity

Description

Viscosity describes how much a fluid resists flow and deformation. It comes from internal friction between fluid layers that move past each other. Dynamic viscosity, shown by the Greek letter mu (μ), measures the force needed to move one layer over another.

Newtonian fluids, such as water and air...

Transcript

黏度用于衡量流体在流动时由于内部摩擦力而抵抗流动的程度,即当流体各层相互滑动时所表现出的阻力。

例如,蜂蜜由于黏度高而流动缓慢,而水因黏度低则容易流动。

黏度主要有两种类型:动力黏度和运动黏度。动力黏度用于衡量使一层流体相对于另一层流体移动所需的力。

例如,当搅拌时,蜂蜜对勺子的阻力比水更大。运动黏度是流体的动力黏度与其密度的比值,用于描述流体在重力作用下的扩散特性。

大多数常见流体(如水和空气)的黏度是恒定的,不随所施加的力而改变。

然而,一些流体(如番茄酱)会根据所施加的力改变其黏度;当摇动瓶子时,番茄酱更容易流动。

温度显著影响黏度,这在管道设计中至关重要,因为石油必须能够顺畅流动。